Thought Provoking Stuff

"What percent of our ancestors were women?

It’s not a trick question, and it’s not 50%. True, about half the people who ever lived were women, but that’s not the question. We’re asking about all the people who ever lived who have a descendant living today. Or, put another way, yes, every baby has both a mother and a father, but some of those parents had multiple children.

Recent research using DNA analysis answered this question about two years ago. Today’s human population is descended from twice as many women as men.

I think this difference is the single most underappreciated fact about gender. To get that kind of difference, you had to have something like, throughout the entire history of the human race, maybe 80% of women but only 40% of men reproduced.

Right now our field is having a lively debate about how much behavior can be explained by evolutionary theory. But if evolution explains anything at all, it explains things related to reproduction, because reproduction is at the heart of natural selection. Basically, the traits that were most effective for reproduction would be at the center of evolutionary psychology. It would be shocking if these vastly different reproductive odds for men and women failed to produce some personality differences."

Read more (quite a lot more) at the author's own homepage on the topic of "Is There Anything Good About Men?"

Picture blogging 1: Milan

One liter of Evian for the simple price of €15. Who can in their right mind refuse that?

Walking on top of the Duomo

Picture blogging 2: Swedish Fall

Picture blogging 3: Florida stop-over

The inside of a gated community

Grandma

Sunset at the white beaches of Siesta Key, Sarasota

Floridian humor, I guess

What language is this?

Meet ’n Greet

One of the many positive aspects about being an exotic foreigner visiting parts not many others go to is that people are usually very surprised and happy to see you. Many small children just gasp and can’t believe what they see, others predictably point and scream. What I find particularly funny is the reaction of grown ups, who can blurt out “Oh what pretty eyes!” instead of saying hello. For some reason girls below 15 and women above 40 feel no inhibitions and are saying whatever they feel, whereas the age group 15-40 demonstrates complete lack of interest, something Joni says is solely because “Colombian women are great actresses”. Having watched my fair share of telenovellas I am not sure about the generality of that statement.

Once the greeting is done, the next amusing phase begins: Names. In the beginning it was tricky to learn how to spell and pronounce names such as Gerrardo or Jaime, but now the greatest confusion comes from names such as Edixon, Jhon, Yeison, Leidy, Stiven & Maicol. These names are all versions of English names, but with spanglish spelling. This struck me as funny, that is, until I realised that this must be how my own name; Patrik (without c), is perceived by non-Swedes.

Usually the next question is if Joni and I are brothers. When told “no”, some ask “maybe you're cousins?” Another popular theme is where we are from. When one kid was encouraged to guess he replied “the circus”. Sometimes my Spanish gets me in trouble, like the time with the girl who thought I was sick because I didn’t understand her whispers. In general though, I am able to communicate and enjoy the hospitality and warmth of the Colombians.

Mixed Pix from Agua Blanca

Agua Blanca is less of a slum and much more just a rough area, but within an area of half a million people there are bound to be big differences.

Dangerous Colombia - Myth vs. (my) Reality

That Colombia has a reputation as being somewhat unsafe is to understate the impression I’ve gotten once people heard I was heading to a land, which according to various sources is run by drug-lords, paramilitaries, kidnappers and/or corrupt politicians. Throw in the unexpected statistics, like that Colombia is the most heavily land-mined country on the planet and it seems miraculous that I have survived thus far.

How dangerous is it really? I can only tell what I and people close to me have experienced.

In all honesty, Colombia is probably the most dangerous place I’ve been to, but contrary to what one could think this has nothing at all to do with the current actions of the FARC or the land mines. Instead it is the prevalence of arms and drugs that makes it necessary to take certain precautions when being in Colombia. For instance, we (almost) never stay in Agua Blanca (our “slum”) much after 2 p.m.

Considering the measures that we have taken, I have only been on edge on 4 occasions thus far. Considering that I on a daily basis am moving about in a part of Cali which 90% of the city spends their lives ignoring this is a low figure. To state the obvious: it is entirely possible to be safe in Colombia, you just need to know how.

However, safety doesn’t attract news stories, nor is it exciting material for a blog, hence to illuminate what those 4 scary instances entailed (and maybe scare my mom) here are some brief descriptions:

4) A night-time party in Charco Azul
As part of our networking efforts to get to know people from all parts of Agua Blanca (inhabitants ca. 700 000) we got an invitation to a neighbourhood party in a particularly notorious part. I don’t remember the exact circumstances, but for some reason it was impossible to decline the invite and off we went. It turned out the street was full of music and children and we had a blast (though we really early).

3) Walking (with guide) in the “Invaciones”
As a rule, when Joni and I are walking around in the Agua Blanca we have a local person with us as a guide/facilitator. On one recent occasion I and my guide walked into a recently “settled” area (a.k.a. “Invaciones”). I was acting totally cool because I thought she knew most of the young men eyeing us, only later to hear that she was scared but found comfort in my relaxed demeanour.

2) “Ride of the Valkyries” into Retiro
The two best pieces of travel advice for anyone going some place exotic is to

a) Eat your malaria pills

b) Stay away from motorcycles

The last piece was ignored last week when we wanted to visit a school in the area called Retiro. All our contacts in Agua Blanca said that this was a very dangerous area and when they strongly suggested that we ride to the school on motorbikes, we agreed. Good thing that we did. Most parts of Agua Blanca have good pavement and the people on the streets are usually old ladies or small children. As we neared Retiro we noticed that the buildings were in a very dilapidated state and that on most corners 2-3 men in their late teens or early 20’s were hanging. Most of them only managed to catch a glimpse of us before we were gone. It felt almost like being in a war movie; zooming through the streets, reaching our destination, jumping off, calling in our rides when we wanted to leave, jumping back on as soon as they appeared and driving off in a different direction than we came. The adrenaline was pumping and the only thing missing was some Wanger turned up loud.

1) A visit to the Jail.
You are probably most scared when you are surprised by something, and neither I nor Joni expected that we would end up in the municipal jail when we were visiting the coordinator for the local schools. In fact, her office was at the back of the main municipal building and to get to it we were lead into and through the municipal jail. This was without a shadow of a doubt the scariest scene thus far in Colombia. Jail cells so stuffed that arms are sticking out, reaching for us as we walked by. A boy standing in a corner, shaking his legs intensely and screaming. This was the closest thing to Dante’s inferno I’ve ever been.

Needless to say, afterwards we counted our blessings and were overjoyed to be leading the lives we do, getting the chance to see such things but not having to suffer them. Some however are not so lucky, which is the topic of the next post.

The illustrative lack of school boys

From the previous post it should be clear that even though I sometimes am in highly unusual situations, the level of danger is under control. For the inhabitants of Agua Blanca, such easy tactics such as leaving the area shortly after lunch are not available, and the nights there are by all accounts terrible. One of your guides was robbed twice in a period of 3 days. A principal told us that when school starts on Mondays they often have to clear a corpse lying in front of the building. Some schoolchildren simply go to the nearest school (as apposed to a better one 50 meters away) because the danger implied by the extra distance.

The clearest indication that something is fundamentally wrong with the situation in Agua Blanca is that at every one of the schools we have visited girls make up about 2/3 of the pupils, and this ratio increases with the age groups. Boys from a very young age leave school and lead a different life, according to local sources, involving crime, drugs and death. Our guide/friend who was robbed was done so by a twelve-year old nervous kid with a gun. Suddenly professional robbers don’t seem so bad, or at least as dangerous. A university professor, who also runs social projects, told us about an armed gang called “Los Ochos” (The Eights), which has a (maximum!) age-limit of 8 years to be a member. To repeat: an armed gang of below nine-year olds!

The effects of this do not only show up in the classrooms. Statistics show that boys outnumber girls by 4-5% until the age of 10. Around there the boys begin to disappear so that by the time they reach 20 years of age the girls are 15% more numerous than the boys. A full 20 percent of the boys die during their adolescence. That is frightening statistic.

Turning Tragedy into Economic Theory

The situation described above is of course utterly tragic, but as chance would have it, if an economist like me think long enough about something, a theory/idea will in the end pop out.

I female Colombian friend pointed out to me that since there are so few men, a shortage of 10% across all age groups for Cali in total, this shifts the equilibrium (she did not use that term) in the marriage market. It is not obvious that a small disruption of supply (as in this case, 10 percent) should markedly change a market, but since most women who are looking for someone to marry are unlikely to accept any substitutes (whatever that may be) such a reduction does have a high impact. Economic theory then postulates that men will feel free to do things that they otherwise would expect to get punished for (cheating, being general idiots, etc) since many women would apparently prefer a moron husband than no husband at all.

This is not a new theory. I’ve heard it before in the context of societies after wars (USSR after WW2 or Britain after WW1) in which the ratio’s were even more skewed. I instead connected it to an idea pushed by Steven Pinker, that human society used to be much more violent. If that is the case and if I am allowed the assumption that men historically did most of the fighting and subsequent dying, then there would have been a constant lack of men. Could that fact explain while so many cultures have evolved macho tendencies? The exception that would prove this rule would of course be a country without war and the associated lack of men, which would then be markedly less macho. Does anybody see where I am going with this…?

Shaking things up

I wanted to update this blog about how my and Joni's field study is going, and to give brief glimpses into what other stuff I did during the last 6 weeks (omg, has it really been that long?). Stuff like, hiking trips in the mountain ranges, parties, excellent food and weekend excursions to Quito (you get the picture). Then, just as I am about to put these things into words I feel a tremble. And it is not my fingers trembling from all the exciting stuff, but the laptop, the table, the chair, the room and in fact the entire half of Colombia that is shaking.

My first EARTH QUAKE!

Rocking!

As things would have it, a 6.8-magnitude shake took place just outside of the coast, causing minor trembles across the Pacific parts of Colombia.

Since Cali was not very close nothing fell from the table, shelves or got damaged in any other way. Some friends of mine were however concerned, but I guess that's because they live in high-rises (I don't).

To calm things down, I recommend some nice Colombian music.

Colombian Cacophony – Entre mascotas y cometas

As usual events happen quickly and all nearly at the same time, hence it is now time to step back and summarize what has happened during the two weeks since I left Stockholm.

First, I took a trip

(click on each pic to see more pics and read shortly about it)

Eventually I reached this place

And live here

Surviving by consuming this

All this so that I can spend the days slowly moving my thesis forward by having meetings with professors at the local universities, or with the education office in City hall or get guided tours of the slum by locals. No prizes for guessing which is the most exciting.

However, since things move at a relaxed pace I am also finding time to learn Spanish, read books, try to learn salsa (Cali is the Capital of Salsa) and general just hanging around in the sun. And sometimes I also visit a local gym, which is not quite what one would have guessed.

I have a new SIM-card if anyone wants to send an SMS: +57 30 12 72 91 65

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

Trip: Sthlm – London – Miami – Cali

Having gotten the pleasant surprise of a 46 kg baggage allowance (easily filled with, among other things, a 5 kg Kubb-set) I was quickly about to discover why Heathrow has the reputation it has as one of Europe’s worst airports. Flights to and fro were delayed, causing me to land so late that I considered skipping the plan to visit a friend in London (i.e. crash on his couch). In the end I arrived 3hours later than planned in my designated bed, but was still happy for getting the pleasure of 4 hours sleep, sharing a relaxed breakfast and conversation before heading back to Heathrow for my flight to Miami.

Killing time in the underground at 1 A.M.

Already when I was queuing for boarding I noticed that most people were speaking in Spanish. I’ve been told that Miami is the unofficial capital of Latin America, and by the looks of that crowd it was easy to see why.

Bahamas from above. Next destination, perhaps?

Miami’s airport was a positive experience: U.S. migration was much friendlier than I remembered, plus it was very cool to hear so many people switch perfectly back and forth between Spanish and English.

Miami from above

On board I chatted with my fellow travelers, who were surprised to find a Swede next to them and even more surprised when they heard that I was heading to the slums of Cali. They did teach me some useful slang though.

Once safely on the ground, I thought my 42 hour journey was over, but apparently my luggage had other plans. One bag was missing, the other was missing its pad-lock. The second mystery was solved when I opened my bag and found my stuff slightly rearranged and damaged plus a note from TSA saying that my baggage had been searched.

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

Cali

Colombia’s third biggest city, with a population of about 2.5 million is situated in a valley in the Andes. The valley floor is at an elevation of almost 1000 meters, guaranteeing a very nice climate which is never too warm or too cold, but instead constantly 26 degrees Celsius. One could almost call it eternal summer, and I don't mean this kind of summer. In addition, the high mountain ranges (up to 4000 meters) protect it from much rainfall.

The valley is pretty wide (30-50 Km, I guess)

The city itself sits just at one of the sides of the valley, meaning that certain parts of the city are stretching up along the side of the hills adjacent to the mountain range.

The city seems to be doing well economically, the streets are mostly clean and there is a multitude of shopping centers. The city authorities are also almost done with upgrading the city with a new public transit system. In addition, the real estate sector is booming like crazy.

I said "almost done", certain areas are still under construction

Right now is the season for flying kites, mostly due to the brisk evening breeze in July and August. Hence the sky is full of big and small kites. I know that this is a common phenomenon in many countries, and maybe used to be popular in Sweden too, but my upbringing was pretty kite free so I find it fascinating to watch the birdlike shapes climb to up into the sky until they are mere dots, then elegantly veer left, right, dive, spin and then return to a graceful glide.

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

Accommodation

Joni's room has a hammock

Cool house, where my thesis partner Joni lived during his previous stays. The owners, a family of three, also live here and they are very nice and helpful. Also nice are the two dogs of the family. I have never seen any two dogs equally apt at detecting people approaching the house. Once one steps even close to the house, regardless of noise from the street, they will run to the door and welcome you with some barking.

Joni and Ivan (the son of the family and Joni's best Colombian friend)

One of the dogs with some books (reading?)

The house also has a roof which it is possible to climb and use as sun deck, or just to observe Siloe, the nearest slum, creeping up along a hill a stone throw away from the house. In the evening, when the lights in the slum dwellings are on it looks as if a galaxy has landed on the hill. It is simply mesmerizing.

Siloe in the daytime

The only tiny drawback with this accommodation would be that I don’t have internet in my room or that the shower has warm water, but considering that I get to use Joni’s computer (to write this for example) or that the weather is such that all I want is cold showers anyway, these are truly insignificant problems.

The neighborhood is very relaxed and nice, as you can see.

I just love the fact that bananas are hanging over the parking space

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

Food and Beverage

¿Se puede tenerlo sin cilantro?
Is it possible to have this without coriander?

For some reason this is the first phrase I learned in India and in Colombia when it comes to food. Almost any vegetable dish here includes it, and I just can’t stand it.

Mmm, breakfast.

Other than that, food here is nice and varied, though perhaps a bit too chicken centric, but there are alternatives I am sure, it is just that I haven’t spotted them yet.

The fruit selection is wide and of good quality.

When it comes to famous local specialties I haven’t much to report. Coffee I never drank before and am not planning to start now either. The closest thing I have gotten to coca was some tea made by its leaves, sold in supermarkets. It didn’t have any bitter taste nor any tangible effect whatsoever. Quelle surprise!

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

The Gym

I am not writing about this in order to make anyone believe I’ll come back 10 kgs heavier than I left, but to share with you the strange clientele my gym has. Of course this gym has its share of body-builders and blokes just trying to get in shape (count me to the latter :-), but this gym is something special. At least half of all the people there are what can best be described as trophy wives for people with dubious sources of income. These women stick out for two reasons.

1) They each have so much silicon that I am surprised that they don’t fall over forwards.

It is truly insane how these women look. I knew that Cali is famous for having the best plastic surgeons in Latin America, and offering the best “value” for such services in the world, but still, to see that every second person has lips, chest and a rear that appear so unnatural really stuns me every time I go there.

2) They mostly, but not always, have their “personal trainer” (this is code for body guard) with them all the time. These are truly huge guys, but you never see them work out, they are instead constantly at the side of the women.

Sadly I have not yet dared to take pictures inside the gym. I don’t know how to, even though I guess most of the trophy wives are actually very proud over their physical demeanor.

Shortcuts: Main / Trip / Cali / House / Food / Gym

Wazzup?

Honestly, things have happened so quickly the last two weeks that I myself am a bit confused about what has happened and what is about to happen. My internship is over, so is my time in Germany. I have many memories and reflections and I will post them in the coming days and weeks.


Currently I am in Stockholm fixing, cleaning, washing and doing all other necessary things for the next adventure. Hopefully, technological circumstances permitting, I'll be able to blog frequently about that starting on Tuesday next week when I land in Cali.

New roads

Today my internship has reached its end

Back home

As if a conspiracy was in place, Sweden today is damp and cool (compared the Germany I just left) and the headline in the newspaper screams out 'Swedish youth - depressed egoists'. Luckily, inside there was an amusing interview with the Swedish foreign minister. Plus no amount of headlines can detract from the joy of seeing friends and relatives.

Colombia warm-up

Interestingly, both The Economist and BusinessWeek have visited Colombia recently. Most pleasing to the eye is the web-presentation by BW, but their main article (+ podcast) is also worth a minute of your time. This is of course also true about what the Economist’s correspondent wrote.

They both say that the country has improved enormously, even though rural areas a bit less so.

Update: German

It is the year 2007 and Germany has just finally gotten around to completing its alphabet. When I first heard this I was stunned. Apparently there is no capital version of the letter ß, that is, until now. With both approval from the EU and a new law from the German parliament, order has now been established.

It is tempting to advice Germans to update their numbers as well. For instance, hardly anyone says "zwei" for the number 2. Since it sounds similar to "drei" (3) it is preferred to say "zwo". And don't get me started on the fact that numbers above 20 are said with the last number first, i.e. 45 would be said 5-and-40.

More Kyiv

The week in Kyiv was, as previously said, great. Our schedule gave us access to professors, diplomats, business people, NGO’s and students who were all keen to share their views on Ukraine’s political and economic development. This was a great learning experience, even though we left more confused than we arrived. In addition, for a history junkie like my self, being in a city which has been at the cross-section of Vikings going south, Mongols going west and German tanks going east was most interesting. If you don’t know what the following things are, just click and discover: Poltava, Holodomor, Babi Yar.

The best thing however was our reception and interaction with the locals. A week full of sun and without clouds, and 25-30 degrees was perfect for exploring a city full of nice parks, bustling city centre and a big river (Dnipro) crossing it all, and thanks to Ariadna, Tanya and Dasha it was all the more enjoyable. These sweet ladies (all related to AIESEC in one way or another) were the best guides one could have asked for. Many thanks to you.

Pecherska Lavra is a monastery in Kyiv, so impressive
that it is on the UNESCO list of World Heritages

Monument in remberance of HolodomorMonument of the Red Army recapturing Kyiv.
Massive, in fact quite brutal. As one of my fellow students said: it is funny to think that these structures will probably stand here forever, since nobody will ever contemplate moving them

Kreshchatyk is the main street in Kyiv.

On the Wednesday evening we went on a party-boat, going up and down the Dnipro while at the same time enjoying Ukrainian music and a great party atmosphere.

Thirst for more

Kyiv exceeded my expectations and was much greener, relaxed and hospitable than any other East European Capital that I have visited.